Description of Thermal Equipment

• Roles and terminology of heat exchangers, furnaces and boilers.
• Design technology: working principles, organization of the flows of fluids, function of the constituent parts.

Heat Transfer

• Characteristics of the modes of heat transfer. Thermal flows.
• Conduction and convection: thermal potential, resistance, thermal conductivity, convection coefficient, special case of phase changes, overall exchange coefficient, activation of heat circulation, effects of fouling.
• Radiation: characteristics of the emission and absorption of radiation, special case of combustion gases, application to furnaces and boilers.
• Applications: analysis of the conditions of heat transfer through the thermal insulation of a
• furnace, in an exchange zone.

Heat Exchangers

Heat exchange law in relation to the mode of fluids circulation: single counter-current

• exchanger, co-current, type 1-2 and 2-4 exchangers, arrangement of exchangers in series
• and in parallel.
• Special case of condensers, re-boilers and air coolers.
• Testing and monitoring of performances: influence of the installed exchange area and of
• fouling on heat exchanger performances.
• Applications: determination of the exchange area needed for a given service in relation to
• the circulation of fluids, monitoring fouling and predicting the performance of a group of heat
• exchangers.

Furnaces and Boilers

• Working conditions and distribution of the heat supply.
• Circulation of combustion gases, setting-up and adjustment of the draft.
• How combustion works: characteristics of industrial fuels, the working of burners.
• Monitoring and testing of combustion and firing.
• Recovery of the heat released by the burners: efficiency, possibilities for improvement and
• limits.
• Applications: analysis of the working conditions of a furnace, calculating its yield, study of
• heat exchanges in the radiation zone.